While the core regulations under the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) date back to the 1990s, NNPH’s recent push for compliance with AHERA-certified surveys is changing how local contractors and developers approach renovations and demolitions. Owners and contractors who aren’t aware of the stricter enforcement are being notified their demolition or building permit applications are now on hold pending the performance of those surveys by accredited AHERA Building Inspectors.

Background on Asbestos Regulations

Asbestos, a naturally occurring mineral once widely used in building materials for its durability and fire resistance, poses significant health risks when disturbed. Inhalation of its fibers can lead to serious conditions like asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma, prompting stringent regulations to protect public health.

At the federal level, the regulatory foundation lies in the NESHAP, part of the Clean Air Act administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Originally promulgated in 1973, the standards underwent major revisions in 1990 to address demolition and renovation activities more comprehensively. These rules require thorough inspections for asbestos-containing materials (ACM) before any work that could disturb them, along with notifications to regulatory authorities to ensure safe handling and disposal.

Complementing NESHAP is the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) of 1986, initially focused on schools but extending standards for inspector certification. AHERA mandates that surveys be conducted by accredited professionals trained in identifying and sampling ACM, using protocols that ensure accurate assessment and risk management.

Recent Changes in NNPH Heightened Enforcement

It’s important to note that these are not entirely new rules. The EPA NESHAP regulations have been in place since 1970. However, NNPH—serving Washoe County, including Reno and Sparks—has heightened enforcement, particularly requiring AHERA-accredited Building Inspectors for asbestos surveys as a prerequisite for building permits. This shift aligns with revisions to Section 040.110 of the District Board of Health Regulations Governing Air Quality Management, adopted on March 27, 2025, following public hearings and workshops.

The updates clarify requirements for sampling, notifications, and abatement, emphasizing the Acknowledgement of Asbestos Assessment (AAA) form submission before permit issuance. A key driver appears to be enhanced public health protections and alignment with EPA-delegated authority, as evidenced by NNPH’s September 12, 2025, workshop on renovation and demolition guidelines, which addressed common compliance questions. This enforcement wave follows earlier public comment periods in January 2025 and proposed revisions discussed in November 2024.

Impact on Local Construction and Building Projects

The updated requirements are noticeably affecting project timelines in Reno and Sparks. Building permits there that call for an AAA from NNPH now require a certified asbestos survey, potentially delaying project starts by weeks if not planned early. 

This underscores the immediate demand and why local firms are seeking specialized support from FACS due to the AHERA Building Inspector stipulation. Non-compliance risks fines that can far outweigh the investment. On the positive side, compliance fosters safer work environments and reduces potential liabilities.

How to Comply: Steps for Asbestos Surveys and Permits

Navigating these requirements starts with proactive planning. First, engage an AHERA-accredited Building Inspector to perform a thorough survey, following EPA and NNPH protocols for sampling and analysis of potential ACM. FACS inspectors are qualified to perform those surveys.

Submit the AAA application to NNPH via your online portal or email, including survey results, building plans, and lab reports. If friable asbestos-containing materials exceed regulatory thresholds (e.g., 260 linear feet or 160 square feet), a NESHAP Notification of Renovation or Demolition must follow, submitted at least 10 working days in advance with original signatures and payment.

For abatement, use licensed contractors adhering to wet methods, containment, and disposal standards outlined in Section 040.110. 

• Step 1: Hire Inspector – Engage AHERA-certified professional; required before permit application.
• Step 2: Conduct Survey – Inspect for asbestos using EPA-approved methods; timeline varies by building size; include lab analysis.
• Step 3: Submit AAA – Apply to NNPH with survey results and plans; required for permits in Reno/Sparks/Washoe.
• Step 4: NESHAP Notification – If ACM present, notify 10 days in advance; includes fees, original signature; mandatory for renovations/disturbances.
• Step 5: Abatement if Needed – Remove or manage ACM safely; by licensed contractors; follow containment protocols.

NNPH’s renewed focus on NESHAP through AHERA-certified surveys represents a much-needed step toward safeguarding community health, even as it introduces new layers to the permitting process. By understanding these requirements and partnering with experienced providers, stakeholders can minimize disruptions and ensure smooth project execution. FACS suggests you turn the hassle of compliance into an opportunity for safer, more efficient builds.

For more information or to schedule your survey now, call FACS at (888) 711-9998 or contact us online here: https://facs.com/contact-us.

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Robust EHS and EAP plans protect workers, shields the company from fines and lawsuits, and helps keep projects on schedule. Treat it as a living document tied directly to how you bid, schedule, and build — not as paperwork you file and forget. Employers should review applicable OSHA standards to determine which written plans are required for their operations.

For instance, OSHA standards codified in 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.120 call for the implementation of a written safety and health program for employees involved in hazardous waste operations. The program should identify, evaluate, and control safety and health hazards, and provide for emergency response for hazardous waste operations.

Your plan should do the following:

1. Spot the hazards
2. Size up the risk
3. Spell out the fix—with a plan for “what if?”

Below, we’ll walk you through the essential components of an effective EHS program and EAP (emergency action plan).

Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

First, map the threats: chemical spills, falls from ladders, toxic fume exposure, and so on.

For every item on your list, ask two questions:

“What could go wrong?” and “How bad and how likely is it?”

Plot the answers on a simple risk matrix; red boxes get priority. Then consider the hierarchy of controls:

1. Eliminate (e.g. stop using the hazardous material)
2. Substitute (e.g. switch to a less hazardous material)
3. Engineer (e.g. install a local exhaust ventilation system)
4. Administrative (e.g. provide additional training to employees)
5. PPE (e.g. use respirators — note that this is the last line of defense, not the first)

Update the matrix whenever the scope changes. Don’t file and forget your plan. Refer to it often.

Emergency Preparedness and Response

Establish procedures and plans for responding to emergency situations that may occur.

A lean, field-tested Emergency Action Plan covers:

• Alarms and Talk-Back: Horns, radios, bilingual instructions.
• Evacuation Routes: Two clear paths, marked in daylight and dark.
• Critical Shutdown: Who turns offthe generator or secures the crane?
• Spill and Fire Gear: Extinguishers, absorbents, and trained hands within 50 ft.
• Medical: First-aid kits and someone certified, reachable in three minutes.

Run drills quarterly; log who attended and what went sideways. Paper plans don’t save lives, but muscle memory does.

Training and Education

OSHA’s rule of thumb: “Train in a language and vocabulary workers understand.” A better rule: “Train until they can teach the next person.”

Mix it up with different presentations:

• Hands-on demos (how to react to a chemical spill)
• Toolbox talks (ten minutes at daybreak; one topic only)
• Short e-modules (for refresher quizzes)
• Competency checks (a signature alone won’t prevent a disaster)

Track it all. Self-designed spreadsheet, computer learning management system (LMS), documentation posted on the jobsite — just be able to show an inspector a real record.

Occupational Health and Safety Controls

Identify potential occupational health hazards and implement appropriate controls to mitigate risks. These could include falls, electrocution, respiratory hazards, heat stress, noise exposure, confined spaces, and more.

Ask yourself: “Does the control eliminate the root risk or do we normally just use PPE?” Aim high on the hierarchy.

Environmental Management

A clean job site is cheaper, safer, and simply looks better to passersby. Identify and manage environmental impacts associated with the workplace or site, including air and water quality, waste management, and energy conservation.

• Dust and Diesel: Water trucks, silt fencing, Tier 4 engines, idle-off rules.
• Stormwater: SWPPP (Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan) in place, wattles checked after every rain, logs signed.
• Waste: Separate hazardous (solvents, lead wipe) from non-hazardous materials; label drums; ship within 90 days.
• Energy: LED light towers, battery scissor lifts, power-down policies.

A tidy site gives you bragging rights and shows the world you care.

Regulatory Compliance

Federal OSHA is only the front door. List applicable local and state laws, regulations, and standards related to environmental health and safety for the project.

You’ll likely juggle:

• EPA: air permits, NPDES stormwater, RCRA waste rules
• DOT: 49 CFR hazmat if you haul diesel or acetylene
• State and Local: State OSHA extras such as fire-marshal hot-work permits, city noise curfews, and more.

Build a compliance matrix: law → activity → person in charge → proof. Digital binders beat a milk crate full of coffee-stained printouts.

Incident Reporting and Investigation

Establish a system for reporting and investigating incidents and near misses to identify the root cause and prevent future occurrences. Near-miss today, ambulance tomorrow — that’s the progression often seen.

• Report all mishaps and “near misses” within 24 hours.
• Investigate with the “Five Whys” or a fishbone diagram — don’t list “worker error” as your go-to description.
• Correct errors, whether human or equipment.
• Share the lesson in the next toolbox talk.

Digital apps make reporting painless. Transparency breeds trust; cover-ups breed repeats.

Auditing, Monitoring and Continuous Improvement

Schedule regular monitoring and auditing of the EHS plan to identify areas for improvement and ensure ongoing compliance. Safety is a loop, not a line.

Adopt a systematic approach:

• Weekly superintendent walk-throughs
• Monthly management scorecard review
• Quarterly third-party audit
• Annual top-to-bottom program rewrite

Making the Plan a Living Document

A rock-solid EHS plan is:

1. Site-specific — names the trench by location, not an abstract “excavation area.”
2. Accessible — QR code on every foreman’s phone, hard copy in appropriate languages on the wall.
3. Dynamic — updates when the crane is relocated or the paint formula changes.
4. Integrated — safety decisions drive scheduling, procurement, and quality.

Revamp your plan when regulations or situations change, but keep safety in sight.

Where FACS Fits In

Crafting a plan that satisfies regulators and the real world can take you way too long, and you can miss way too much. Our team of industrial hygienists and environmental scientists has done the heavy lifting on hundreds of sites.

FACS employs experienced industry leaders that can assist in developing a site specific EHS plan customized to your project: No cookie-cutter PDFs — each plan is hand-built for your specific needs.

Let’s put a custom EHS plan to work for you. Call FACS at (888) 711-9998 or contact us online here.

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In 2024 alone, more than a quarter of California’s inspected engineered-stone shops were hit with stop-work orders, and fines reached five-figure territory for “routine” violations. Now the emergency rule that triggered those shutdowns is permanent—no sunset clause, no grace period, no excuses.

If you manage bids, schedules, or safety talks, you should adjust your work to the new permanent standard under the Title 8 CCR §5204 regulation.

Who Does the New Silica Standard Affect?

Worker protection from respirable crystalline silica is a serious requirement of Cal/OSHA safety standards. Section 5204 covers all general-industry operations where workers may be exposed to respirable crystalline silica and work with artificial stone (composite, engineered, or “quartz” materials) or natural stone > 10 percent silica by weight.

Exceptions:

• Construction (§1532.3), agriculture (§3436), and sorptive-clay processing remain under their own rules.
• Objective-data exemptions below the 25 µg/m³ action level still apply—but not to “High-Exposure Trigger Tasks” (HETTs), meaning any cutting, grinding, drilling, polishing, or cleanup that disturbs artificial stone (> 0.1 % silica) or high-silica natural stone.

What Got Tougher in the Permanent Silica Standard

Regulated Areas:

ETS (2023): Required for high-exposure trigger tasks; provisional signage allowed.

Permanent Rule (2025): Signage text locked in—must warn of “permanent lung damage that may lead to death,” displayed in both English and Spanish.

Engineering Controls

ETS (2023): Running water “where feasible.”

Permanent Rule (2025): Continuous water flow or full submersion mandated; employer must document that flow rate is adequate for dust suppression.

Respiratory Protection

ETS (2023): Loose-fit PAPR allowed if exposure < Action Level.

Permanent Rule (2025): Tight-fit PAPR with HEPA/N-R-P 100 filters is the default; downgrade only after semi-annual sampling shows exposure < Action Level.

Medical Surveillance

ETS (2023): Baseline exam plus annual follow-up.

Permanent Rule (2025): Baseline, then every three years; immediate follow-ups required for high-exposure workers (HETT or > PEL results).

Silicosis Reporting

ETS (2023): “Prompt” reporting language.

Permanent Rule (2025): 24-hour deadline to notify Cal/OSHA and CDPH of any confirmed case.

Dry sweeping/air blow-off—banned outright.

Employee rotation—no longer an acceptable exposure control.

Eight Core Silica Exposure Duties for Employers

1. Written Exposure-Control Plan – List all materials/tasks by silica content. Include air-monitoring records and engineering-control schematics.
2. Exposure Assessment & Air Monitoring – Initial sampling plus 12-month repeat cycle; HETT work may trigger 6-month or 3-month cycles.
3. Engineering Controls – Continuous-water tools, submerged cutting, water-jet, or local exhaust with HEPA filtration.
4. Regulated-Area Management – Barricades or tape, plus bilingual danger signage.
5. Respiratory-Protection Program – PAPR (HEPA/N100/R100/P100) minimum; fit-testing per §5144.
6. Housekeeping Rules – Wet cleanup or HEPA vac only; no dry sweeping, no compressed-air blow-off.
7. Medical Surveillance & Medical Removal Protection – Baseline exam, chest imaging as needed, and 3-year cycle; wage retention up to 6 months if removal required.
8. 24-Hour Silicosis/Cancer Reporting & Recordkeeping – Confirmed cases reported within 24 hours; all sampling & medical records kept 30 years.

Penalties and Shut-Down Risk

Cal/OSHA’s 2025 penalty schedule caps a serious citation at $25,000 and a willful/repeat at $162,851. The minimum penalty for willful violations is $11,632.

But the real hammer is the Order Prohibiting Use (OPU). Inspectors spotting dry cutting or missing water-feed can tape off your saw on the spot. In 2024, more than a quarter of inspected shops were shut down until they fixed violations.

A Practical Roadmap to §5204 Compliance

Gap Analysis

• Map tasks where employees may be exposed against §5204 requirements
• Flag dry processes and inadequate water-feed tools.

Engineering Upgrades

• Budget for new wet saws, water-recycling systems, or downdraft HEPA tables.
• Verify flow rates meet manufacturer specs for dust suppression.

Engage a Qualified Person

• Exposure monitoring may have to be conducted by a third-party “qualified person,” such as a Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH).

Finalize Written Exposure Control Plan & Training

• Implement exposure control plan
• Conduct bilingual, task-specific training; refresh annually.

Medical Program Contract

• Partner with an occupational clinic familiar with silicosis diagnostics and Cal/OSHA’s 24-hour reporting portal.

Frequently Asked Questions

“We’re below the Action Level—do we still need regulated areas?”
Yes, for any HETT. The regulated-area requirement is task-based, not exposure-based.

“Can I just rotate employees?”
No. Rotation is explicitly prohibited as an exposure control.

“Is a loose-fitting PAPR ever okay?”
Only if semi-annual sampling proves exposures < 25 µg/m³, and even then you need written justification and medical clearance.

The Bottom Line for California Employers Concerning Respirable Crystalline Silica Exposure

The engineered-stone sector is the immediate target, but any operation that liberates respirable crystalline silica is now under the microscope. Waiting for federal OSHA to act won’t help; California has already moved the goalposts.

However, the journey does not end with the enactment of stricter regulations; it continues with diligent compliance, robust enforcement, and the unwavering commitment of all stakeholders to safeguard the well-being of workers and communities.

The law is complex, but that isn’t a valid reason to ignore it. A good first step is to evaluate your high-exposure tasks. For help understanding the requirements and making sure your business is in compliance.

To speak with a FACS lead plan expert, call (888) 711-9998.

The post Silica Exposure and Cal/OSHA’s Silica Emergency Rule appeared first on Forensic Analytical Consulting Services.

The Science of Heat Stress

When a job generates heat load (stress) faster than the body can dump that heat (strain), the internal thermostat misfires. Think of an engine with a plugged exhaust pipe—pressure climbs until the engine fails.

Three components tip the scale:

1. Environment: air temperature, humidity, radiant heat, and air velocity (or lack of it).
2. Workload: metabolic heat created by the body as it works to perform its duties
3. Worker factors: hydration level, fitness, age, medications, alcohol use, acclimatization, and the insulating power of PPE.

At equilibrium, metabolic heat roughly equals heat lost through sweating, evaporation, and air movement. Tip any of the above components far enough and the body’s core temperature rises quickly, setting the stage for heat illness. Heavy exertion in mid-90s Fahrenheit air can dehydrate a laborer by two liters an hour—about a half-gallon. Losing that much fluid for three hours straight and your endurance and judgment unravel long before thirst sets in.

The Heat-Illness Ladder—Catch It Early

Heat Rash is the early warning light—red, prickly clusters in sweaty skin folds. Left unchecked it can infect, but more importantly it signals that body cooling is already lagging behind. Keep skin dry, swap out saturated shirts, dust with drying powders; skip greasy ointments that trap heat.

Heat Cramps —painful muscle spasms in the calves, thighs, even the abdomen. They strike workers who flush out sodium faster than they replace it. Treatment is simple: sheltered rest plus slow sips of a water or sports drink rich in electrolytes.

Heat Syncope is a fancy word for fainting. Blood pools in the legs when a worker stands motionless or bolts upright after stooping. Dehydration and poor acclimatization amplify the drop in blood pressure. Lay the person down in shade, elevate feet, loosen gear, and hydrate gradually.

Heat Exhaustion is the cliff edge. The employee sweats heavily, feels dizzy, irritable, nauseated; skin is cool and clammy but the body’s core temp climbs. Move them to an air-conditioned trailer or at least a shaded area, remove heavy PPE, apply cool wet towels to head and neck, and keep a buddy present until vitals stabilize or EMTs arrive.

Heat Stroke is the cliff. Sweating shuts down, skin turns hot and dry, core temperature rockets past 106 °F, and the central nervous system glitches—confusion, seizures, even coma. Every minute without active cooling risks permanent disability or death. Call 911, flood clothing with cool water, fan aggressively, pack ice at neck, armpits, and groin, and stay with the worker until medics take over.

Measuring the Invisible—Numbers that Drive Decisions

Using a standard thermometer to review heat risk is not the answer, that’s guessing, not managing. You need a method that captures humidity, air speed, and radiant load.

• Heat Index merges dry-bulb temperature with relative humidity to predict “feels-like” heat. It’s perfect for a lunch-room poster and a quick caution flag.
• WBGT (Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature) adds wind and radiant energy to the mix. One handheld meter delivers an objective number you can log by hour, shift, or location.
• The ACGIH Threshold-Limit Values (TLVs) translate WBGT into safe exposure times for acclimatized workers; an Action Limit is provided for new or returning staff.
• Work/Rest schedules—simple tables backed by NIOSH—convert WBGT plus workload (light, moderate, heavy) into duty cycles. Example: heavy manual work at 103 °F WBGT earns 20 minutes work / 40 minutes rest each hour.

If impermeable suits or FR coveralls trap heat, adjust the readings upward; plastic is a greenhouse that amplifies the heat impact.

Phone apps from OSHA and NIOSH put the math in every superintendent’s pocket, pinging hydration reminders and flagging extreme-heat warnings based on GPS coordinates.

Why Construction and Outdoor Trades Take the Hardest Hit

A paving crew can stand over fresh 300-degree asphalt, under hot summer sun, wearing double-layer fabrics. A rebar gang ties steel that reflects midday rays onto faces and necks like a tanning mirror. Roofers, miners, utility trench workers, agriculture hands—each adds its own twist: confined trenches, missing shade, diesel exhaust, or adrenaline-charged production goals that disguise early symptoms.

Combine high radiant heat, heavy metabolic demand, limited airflow, and brand-new hires who celebrated the weekend with beer and little sleep, and you have a perfect storm for heat stress illness.

Here’s a grim statistic worth repeating: Three out of four heat-fatalities occur in a worker’s first week on a hot site, when the body has not yet adapted. That single fact should reshape every onboarding plan.

Controls You Can Use to Combat Heat Stress

Engineering Controls: Improve cross-ventilation; install high-volume, low-speed fans when ambient air is cooler than skin; set porta-coolers at break stations; wrap ovens and generators with radiant shields; insulate steam lines; erect temporary shade screens at pour decks. Even small tweaks can cut radiant heat measurably.

Administrative Controls: Begin every hot season with a formal acclimatization plan: 20 percent of full duty on day one, adding 20 percent each day until the worker reaches 100 percent. Reschedule the heaviest tasks to pre-noon; rotate arduous jobs to equalize metabolic load; enforce cool-down breaks. A designated heat-safety lead should record WBGT, adjust work/rest cycles, and carry authority to call time-out.

Personal Protective Equipment: Is crucial when all else fails but unreliable alone. Ice vests, cooling towels, vented hard-hat liners, moisture-wicking base layers, and lighter-weight clothing blends can drop skin temperature enough to lengthen safe work bouts. Test new gear with a pilot pair of workers before you outfit an entire crew, and remember ice packs quit after an hour; schedule time to rechill.

Building a Heat-Illness Prevention Program That Lives and Breathes

A dusty binder on a shelf never saved a worker. Your Heat Illness Prevention Program (HIPP) should be visible, dynamic, and practical.

Post the plan. Water-Rest-Shade charts and urine-color hydration posters belong at the porta-john, the gang box, and the trailer door.

Brief daily. A two-minute tailgate that covers forecast, current WBGT, shift workload, and any extra controls trains situational awareness faster than a once-a-year slide deck.

Supply hydration. Cool water every 300 feet and electrolyte mixes on heat-alert days tell crews you value kidneys over schedule.

Drill first aid. Crews who are aware of heat illness symptoms are able to treat heat illness faster and call for help sooner. Assign a buddy system.

Audit and correct. Log WBGT regularly, pair readings with crew lists, and review any incident for gaps in acclimatization, PPE, supervision, or engineering controls.

Stay legal. OSHA’s Heat-Hazard National Emphasis Program is already ticketing job sites when the heat index tops 80 °F. A federal heat standard is moving through rulemaking; states like California, Oregon, and Washington enforce even stricter rules.

Finish Strong—A Five-Step Field Checklist

1. Pull last summer’s incident logs and flag every heat-related entry.
2. Inventory equipment: WBGT meter, shade structures, coolers, PPE
3. Write or dust off your HIIPP and acclimatization schedule and hand it to every foreman.
4. Install hydration and first-aid posters where eyes linger—porta-johns, lunch trucks, tool rooms.
5. Run a tabletop drill: “It’s 106 °F WBGT at 2 p.m.; laborer collapses on deck—what next?”

The cost of prevention is measured in minutes and gallons; the cost of failure is measured in lives and lawsuits. Measure the heat, write the plan, train the people, and stand ready with water, rest, and shade. The sun is predictable. Let your prevention be just as relentless.

For more information, watch the FACS webinar on heat stress here. And for quick help developing your Heat Illness Prevention Program, call FACS at (888) 711-9998 or contact us online here.

The post Beating Heat Stress on the Jobsite: A Field-Tested Playbook appeared first on Forensic Analytical Consulting Services.

Here’s a surprising statistic: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) reports that up to 90% of eye injuries at work could be prevented through proper protective eyewear.

Effective eye and face protection does more than keep your company and employees in regulatory compliance. Using the correct protective gear can protect vision, reduce lost workdays, lower healthcare costs, and maintain steady productivity. Most importantly, it helps make sure your employees stay safe on the job.

Understanding the Risks

Workers in various fields, from construction sites and manufacturing plants to laboratories and healthcare settings, face multiple eye and face hazards. Flying debris such as metal fragments, wood chips, and particles are a significant risk, particularly in manufacturing and construction. Chemical splashes, harmful ultraviolet (UV) and infrared radiation from welding or lasers, and biohazard exposure in medical settings, fabrication, and anywhere else they are used.

Despite readily available protective gear, injuries often occur due to inadequate awareness, improper PPE selection, or simply not wearing protection consistently. Workers may underestimate the danger of certain tasks or rely on inappropriate equipment, leading to preventable incidents.

Eye Safety Standards You Should Know

To address these risks, OSHA outlines clear regulations under standards 29 CFR 1910.133 (general industry) and 1926.102 (construction). Employers must not only provide eye protection but ensure it meets the stringent American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z87.1 specifications.

The ANSI Z87.1 standard outlines critical performance criteria, including impact resistance, chemical protection, and UV radiation shielding. PPE marked with “Z87+” indicates high-impact resistance, essential for jobs involving flying objects. Labels such as D3 (liquid splash), D4/D5 (dust), U6 (UV protection), and W (welding filter shades) guide users in choosing appropriate gear for specific hazards. Compliance with these standards ensures reliable performance and protection in critical situations.

Choosing the Right PPE for Eye Protection

Selecting protective equipment isn’t as simple as grabbing any pair of safety glasses. Effective protection requires matching PPE specifically to the hazards of the task:

• Safety Glasses: Suitable for general impact hazards, must meet Z87.1 standards.
• Safety Goggles: Provide sealed protection from chemical splashes and dust. Look for ventilation types based on your exposure (direct, indirect, or non-vented).
• Face Shields: Offer extra protection from larger debris or chemical splashes but always require safety glasses or goggles underneath.
• Welding Helmets: Essential for protection against intense UV and IR radiation; ensure compliance with ANSI standards and proper shade selection.
• Specialty Eyewear: Laser protection, chemical-resistant, and prescription eyewear provide specialized safety where general eyewear might fall short.

Comfort and proper fit significantly influence compliance. Workers are far more likely to consistently wear comfortable PPE. Regularly involving workers in the selection process helps ensure the equipment meets their comfort and functional needs, thereby promoting consistent use.

Common Eye Protection Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Employers and employees share responsibility for workplace safety. Common errors include using incorrect PPE for tasks, wearing damaged equipment, prematurely removing gear, or simply neglecting to wear it at all.

One frequent mistake is choosing inadequate PPE, such as opting for safety glasses when goggles or a face shield are required. Workers sometimes underestimate hazards, believing basic protection is sufficient, which can lead to serious injuries. Employers must conduct thorough hazard assessments and clearly communicate the specific PPE requirements for each task.

Damaged or worn-out PPE is another common issue. Scratched lenses, broken straps, or missing side shields drastically reduce protection and visibility. Regular inspections should be part of daily routines, with damaged PPE immediately replaced. Employees must be trained to recognize signs of wear and encouraged to report issues without hesitation.

Premature removal of protective gear is a significant risk. Workers may remove goggles or shields when they feel safe, even though hazards are still present. Employers should consistently reinforce that PPE must remain worn until employees are fully clear of all risks.

Another critical mistake is inadequate maintenance and storage of PPE. Dirty or improperly stored gear can impair visibility and reduce protection. Establish clear protocols for cleaning, maintaining, and storing PPE correctly. Easy access to well-maintained equipment encourages consistent and proper use.

Neglecting comprehensive training is also problematic. Employees must fully understand the proper use, fit, and limitations of their PPE. Regular training sessions reinforce safety protocols and provide opportunities to address concerns or misunderstandings.

Finally, poor enforcement and lack of leadership examples can undermine compliance. Managers and supervisors must visibly support and enforce PPE protocols consistently, setting the standard by correctly using their own equipment.

Emergency Preparedness and Workplace Safety

Even with precautions, accidents can happen, emphasizing the critical role of emergency equipment. ANSI Z358.1 standards guide the proper installation and use of eyewash stations and emergency showers, which should always be accessible “for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body.”

Proper training in emergency responses — such as immediately flushing chemical splashes for at least 15 minutes — can significantly reduce injury severity, preventing long-term vision impairment. Regular emergency drills and clearly marked equipment locations ensure rapid and effective responses during real incidents.

Building a Culture of Safety at Work

Safety awareness is a cultural commitment. Leadership must actively prioritize and demonstrate safe working behaviors. Regular inspections, ongoing training, and recognition programs encourage everyone to participate and reinforce safe practices.

Strong safety cultures don’t develop by chance. They require consistent commitment, clear communication, and collaborative effort between employers and workers. Encouraging employee feedback and active participation fosters an environment where safety becomes ingrained as a core value at your company.

Emerging Trends and Future Innovations

New PPE innovations continue to emerge, including ergonomic designs, advanced materials, and smart technology like augmented reality (AR-enabled) glasses and sensors that detect hazards in real-time. These innovations promise enhanced protection, comfort, and usability, driving greater compliance and safety.

However, adopting new technologies always requires thorough risk assessments to ensure they don’t exacerbate hazards instead of lessening the threat. Staying informed and adaptable helps organizations continually improve their safety strategies.

Eye and face protection is fundamentally about safeguarding health, livelihoods, and lives. With appropriate awareness, thorough hazard assessments, and proactive use of PPE, workplaces can significantly reduce the risk of preventable injuries. Every person on your team should be encouraged to work safely, shown how to work safely, and provided the equipment that can help them work safely.

For more information, see the FACS/Bullard presentation on eye and face protection or contact FACS directly at (888) 711-9998.

The post Workplace Safety: Protecting Eyes and Face from Injury appeared first on Forensic Analytical Consulting Services.

For many industries, from construction to manufacturing, these rules represent a significant shift in how indoor heat risks are regulated and managed.

This article will guide you through the essentials of the regulation: when it applies, what’s required, and practical steps to implement a compliant heat illness prevention program.

Are You Exempt From the Indoor Heat Regulation?

First, let’s make sure you’re in the right place. Understanding the new California indoor heat regulation does take time and effort — however, your operations may not be covered by it.

Here is a list of the exceptions to the new law:

• Teleworkers performing duties at a place of their choosing
• Incidental heat exposure (fewer than 15 minutes in any 60-minute period), except that working in vehicles without air conditioning and those working with shipping or intermodal containers while loading, unloading, or doing related work
• Emergency operations aimed at the protection of life or property
• Prisons, local detention facilities, or juvenile facilities
• Outdoor workplaces (although this is covered by Cal/OSHA’s outdoor heat regulation)

None of the exceptions mean that working in the heat doesn’t matter, only that there is a personal responsibility to protect oneself or there are already regulations in place that govern work where indoor heat may be a health concern.

When Does the Indoor Heat Regulation Apply?

The new indoor heat regulation for workplaces in California outlines specific situations that require you to safeguard employees working in elevated temperatures.

When are the requirements of the regulation triggered?

The regulation triggers at 82 degrees Fahrenheit (F) for workers wearing garments that restrict heat removal from their bodies (wearing work coveralls, gloves, or helmets, for example) and for workers working in a high radiant heat environment. If those conditions are not in existence, the trigger point is 87°F.

What is an “indoor space”?

Indoor space is defined as a space that is under a ceiling or overhead covering that restricts airflow and is enclosed along its entire perimeter by walls, doors, windows, dividers, or other physical barriers that restrict airflow (whether those barriers are open or closed). During building construction, a workplace becomes “indoor” once the barriers are in place. Note that the outdoor exception for shaded spaces does not apply indoors.

What Must You Do to Comply With the New Indoor Heat Regulation?

Once conditions trigger the new regulation, employers are required to do the following:

Employers must provide potable drinking water

• Employers must ensure that employees have no-cost access to potable, cool drinking water.
• Each worker should have at least one quart of water per hour available during their shift.
• Water must be placed near work areas and cool-down locations. Workers should not have to travel long distances to access it.
• While you don’t need to provide all the water at the start of the shift, it must be replenished regularly to meet the hourly requirement.

Employers must provide access to cool-down areas

• Provide access when indoor temperatures reach 82°F or higher, you are required to provide a designated cool-down area where employees can rest and recover.
• These areas must be shielded from radiant heat and maintained at temperatures below 82°F.
• Employees should be encouraged to use cool-down areas regularly, and any worker who requests a cool-down rest period should be allowed one.

Employers must monitor heat levels and record data

• Begin monitoring temperature and heat index when indoor temperatures reach 82°F. Additional measurements should be taken whenever temperatures are expected to rise by 10°F or more.
• Employers must record the measured temperature or heat index (whichever is higher) and retain those records for at least 12 months. Best practice is to integrate this documentation into your regular project files.
• Instruments used for measuring must be maintained per the manufacturer’s instructions.
• Instruments used must provide the same results as indicated by heat index charts from the National Weather Service for temperature at certain humidity levels.

The new indoor heat regulation for California also requires a written implementation plan and training for both workers and supervisors. You’ll find more about those in the content below.

Invest in Reliable Monitoring Tools

Measuring and tracking workplace conditions is critical for maintaining compliance with the new California indoor heat regulation and ensuring employee safety. Make sure the tools you use for monitoring are accurate and simple to use. Be sure to train management on their proper operation.

• Thermometers: Keep trustworthy thermometers on the worksite to monitor temperature.
• National Weather Service Heat Index Chart: Readily accessible online. Print and laminate for regular use. The chart provides the heat index at the temperature and humidity levels you have recorded.
• Wet Bulb Globe Thermometers: These devices measure temperature, humidity, air movement, and radiant heat. They are ideal monitoring instruments, especially in manufacturing or other enclosed spaces.
• Personal Heat Stress Monitors: These are worn by selected employees to provide information for that specific person.
• Heat Stress Apps: The American Industrial Hygiene Association’s heat stress app can help you assess conditions, review precautions, and access real-time heat index forecasts. The app also provides risk factors, training recommendations, and programmable hydration and rest reminders.

Remember: The regulation is triggered by either the current temperature or current heat index. At higher relative humidity levels, the heat index can be greater than 82 °F while the temperature is under 82 °F.

Control Measures for Managing Indoor Heat

Compliance with the indoor heat regulation requires a layered approach to managing heat exposure. By combining engineering, administrative, and personal protective measures, you can create a safer environment for your team while meeting regulatory standards.

Engineering Controls: Reducing Heat at the Source

The first line of defense against indoor heat is to reduce temperatures and maintain a safe environment using engineering controls. These measures focus on modifying the work environment itself:

Key factors to assess include:

• Temperature Control Systems: Install or maintain air conditioning units, fans, and ventilation systems to keep temperatures below 87°F — or below 82°F in areas where employees wear restrictive clothing or radiant heat is present in the work area.
• Radiant Heat Barriers: Use shielding materials or insulation to block heat from equipment, machinery, or sunlight.
• Humidity Reduction: Dehumidifiers or improved ventilation can lower humidity levels, making the work environment more comfortable and safer for employees.

Administrative Controls: Scheduling and Breaks

When engineering controls alone aren’t enough or aren’t feasible, administrative practices can further mitigate heat risks:

• Work-Rest Cycles: Adjust workloads and schedules to allow for regular rest breaks in cool-down areas.
• Staggered Shifts: Where possible, schedule physically demanding tasks during cooler parts of the day.
• Job Rotation: Rotate employees between high-heat tasks and less strenuous roles to prevent prolonged exposure.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): When Other Measures Still Aren’t Sufficient

In some cases, PPE can provide additional protection against heat-related risks:

• Cooling Vests and Wraps: Wearable items that help maintain lower body temperatures during extended work periods.
• Moisture-Wicking Clothing: Lightweight, breathable materials can aid sweat evaporation and heat dissipation.
• Specialized Headgear: Helmets with built-in cooling pads or ventilation improve comfort and safety.

While PPE can be a helpful supplement, it should never replace engineering or administrative controls. Instead, it serves as a last line of defense in situations where other measures cannot fully address the risks.

How Is Heat Illness Detected?

Heat illness can present itself in several ways, ranging from mild discomfort to severe medical emergencies. Train your team to recognize these symptoms and respond both quickly and appropriately.

• Heat Rash: Small red bumps or clusters, often on the neck, chest, groin, or underarms. Common in humid environments where sweat can’t evaporate.
• Heat Cramps: Painful muscle spasms caused by dehydration and salt loss. Often a warning sign of more serious heat stress.
• Heat Syncope: Fainting for a short duration, dizziness, and light-headedness can signal a developing problem.
• Heat Exhaustion: Symptoms include heavy sweating, dizziness, nausea, weakness, and a rapid pulse. Employees in this state need immediate cooling and hydration.
• Heat Stroke: The most serious form of heat illness. Symptoms include hot, dry skin, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Heat stroke requires emergency medical attention and is fatal in 50% of cases if untreated.

Emergency Procedures: Responding to Heat Illness

Even with the best prevention strategies, heat illness can occur. Having a clear and effective emergency response plan is not only a regulatory requirement but also a critical element in protecting your employees from severe outcomes.

You must have first aid supplies available, access to Eemergency Medical Services (EMS) , and a way to communicate with EMS and with your crew. Someone must be available to call 911 and provide clear directions to the site.

Make sure EMS access is not restricted at the site or that someone can meet the responders at the gate or barrier to provide entry. Remember that cellular phones are not reliable in some areas, meaning you must provide an alternate method for communications.

Immediate Actions for Heat Illness Symptoms

Recognizing heat illness early can prevent it from escalating. When symptoms do appear, take immediate action. Never leave the employee alone and do not send a worker home without offering medical assistance.

Here’s how to Prepare:

Heat Illness Prevention

Acclimatization: A Key Step in Prevention
New or returning workers are most at risk during their first 14 days on the job. The same applies to workers assigned to a new geographical area. Gradually introducing employees to high-heat environments is essential. Nearly 75 percent of illness fatalities occur during the first week of working in excessive heat environments.

• Follow the 20% rule. Start new workers at 20% of their full workload on day one, increasing by 20% each day as they acclimate.
• Sudden temperature increases can affect even seasoned employees. Keep a close eye on conditions and adjust workloads, as needed.
• Heat waves are defined as temperatures at least 10°F greater than the average high daily outdoor temperature for the preceding five days and are at least 80°F. Make sure to document your daily temperature recordings.

Encourage Team Awareness

One of the biggest dangers of heat illness is that workers may not recognize the symptoms themselves when they are affected.

Emphasize the importance of the following safeguards:

• Looking Out for One Another: Supervisors and coworkers should monitor each other for signs of heat stress.
• Reporting Symptoms Early: Employees must feel comfortable reporting any signs of heat illness without fear of repercussions.

By fostering a culture of awareness and prevention, you reduce risks and reinforce your commitment to safety. With these foundational steps, your team is better prepared to avoid the dangers of heat illness altogether.

Training and Compliance Programs for Heat Illness Prevention

Effective training is the cornerstone of compliance with California’s indoor heat regulation. Both employees and supervisors need to understand the risks, recognize symptoms, and know how to respond to heat-related illnesses. Developing a robust training program and a comprehensive heat illness prevention plan ensures everyone is prepared to stay safe and meet regulatory standards.

Employees must receive training on the following key topics:

• Environmental risks such as high temperatures and humidity
• Personal risks such as dehydration, inadequate acclimatization, and restrictive clothing
• The added burden of heat load from exertion, work clothing, and other factors
• Site-specific protocols for reporting symptoms and summoning medical help
• The importance of adequate water intake
• The importance of acclimatization
• Recognizing heat illness symptoms and first aid procedures
• Emphasis on never leaving a distressed employee alone and reporting any observed issues
• EMS procedures for the worksite

Supervisors must receive training on the following topics:

Supervisors require more detailed training to effectively oversee heat illness prevention and response efforts:

• Supervisors must understand every aspect of the training employees receive
• How to follow the requirements of the regulations and your stated procedures to ensure employees receive timely and appropriate medical attention
• Full knowledge of EMS procedures and clear communication during emergencies
• How to measure temperature, humidity, and heat index using approved tools or apps.
• Proper recordkeeping procedures, including what data to document and how long to retain it

Develop a Heat Illness Prevention Plan

You must have a written plan for establishing, implementing, and maintaining your health illness prevention program. It should be specific to your worksite and address all aspects of indoor heat management, including the following:

• How drinking water will be supplied, monitored, and replenished
• Cool-down area locations and maintenance procedures
• Guidelines for adjusting workloads and break times based on temperature conditions
• Steps for identifying and responding to heat illness
• How to summon medical help and guide EMS responders to the worksite
• How and when employees and supervisors will be trained
• A description of the feasible control measures you will implement as needed

Ongoing Compliance and Resources

Maintaining compliance isn’t a one-time effort. Make training and plan updates part of your regular safety routine:

• Provide annual updates or as regulations change
• Adapt your heat illness prevention plan as your worksite or operations evolve
• Utilize tools like the Cal/OSHA website and industry-specific guidance to stay informed

By understanding the new regulation, providing the necessary resources, and building a culture of safety awareness, you can reduce risks and help ensure your workers stay safe and productive

Contact FACS online: Ask FACS

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The new ANSI/AAMI ST108:2023 standard addresses this issue by enhancing the recommendations for water used in reprocessing medical devices. Hospital administrators and affected staff should understand this new standard and why it exists.

Failure to do so can not only impact patient safety but can end up costing your facility time and money. FACS is often asked to help investigate potential sources when the Sterile Processing Department (SPD) finds stains or unusual particulates on medical instruments and instrument trays.

This guide will walk you through the key elements of ST108:2023 to help make sure you’re equipped to meet the requirements and protect your patients from the risks of hospital-acquired infection.

Understanding ANSI/AAMI ST108:2023

So, what exactly is ANSI/AAMI ST108:2023, and why is it important?

The new standard sets minimum requirements for the water quality and steam purity used in medical device reprocessing. Medical devices that aren’t properly sterilized due to poor water quality can harbor microorganisms and organic contaminants — thereby creating the risk of infection.

Why was this standard introduced?

Medical instruments today are more complex than ever. With advancements like robotic instrumentation and flexible endoscopes, traditional cleaning methods aren’t always sufficient. Studies show that certain contaminants are nearly impossible to remove from these devices. Add to that the rise of “superbugs” that may resist traditional cleaning measures, and you have a real challenge.

ST108:2023 replaces and expands on the previous AAMI TIR34:2017 guidelines. It addresses emerging issues and ensures that water quality is consistently monitored, validated, and maintained at all times during the device reprocessing cycle.

Compliance Requirements – What You Need to Know

Here is the information you need to make sure your organization is in alignment with this new standard. The requirements are designed to ensure your facility is capable of maintaining the necessary water quality.

1. The Water Management Team (WMT)

One of the key requirements of ST108:2023 and ASHRAE Standard 188 is the formation of a Water Management Team (WMT). This multidisciplinary team is responsible for overseeing all aspects of water quality management within your facility. The team should include representatives from infection control, facilities, engineering, biomedical staff, and third-party expert consultants.

The WMT isn’t just a meet-once-and-forget-about-it group. They are tasked with developing, implementing, and monitoring your sterile processing facility’s water quality management program. It’s crucial that the WMT document all processes and outcomes, ensuring that everyone is on the same page and that the program is continuously updated.

2. Categories of Water Quality

Not all water is created equal, especially when it comes to reprocessing medical instruments. ST108:2023 outlines three distinct categories of water:

• Utility Water: This is the city-supplied water, which may need additional treatment depending on its use. It’s typically used for flushing, washing, and rinsing medical devices. Think of it as the first stage of water quality — it gets the bulk of the contaminants off but might still leave behind impurities expected to be found in drinking water.
• Critical Water: This water is extensively treated to remove any microorganisms, inorganic, or organic materials. It’s used for the final rinse of medical devices and, in some applications, for generating steam. This is where precision matters most — Critical Water ensures that no contaminants are left behind on devices that will come into direct contact with patients.
• Steam: Water that is heated to a vapor phase, either by a central hospital boiler or sterilizer steam generator. It’s essential that the steam used for sterilization meets the specified purity standards, or you risk damaging instruments or reintroducing contaminants during the sterilization process.

Each of these water categories plays a different role in the medical instrument reprocessing cycle, and the standard outlines specific quality benchmarks that must be met for each type.

3. Water Quality Monitoring

The standard calls for an initial Performance Qualification, routine monitoring, ongoing testing, and validation as necessary to maintain compliance.

• Daily, Monthly, and Quarterly Testing: The frequency of testing depends on the type of water. For example, Critical Water might require daily checks on conductivity or pH levels, while Utility Water may only need quarterly testing for hardness. This routine monitoring ensures that any deviations in water quality are caught and corrected before they become a problem.
• Performance Qualification Standards: When a new water treatment system is installed it needs to be tested extensively to ensure it meets the standard’s criteria. This includes daily sampling at critical points in the system. Once the system is proven to meet requirements consistently, you can reduce the frequency of testing but must remain vigilant for any changes.

Monitoring is an ongoing process that ensures your water remains within the parameters set by ST108:2023. This is where many hospitals and other medical facilities can fall short — because the process is complex and time-consuming, it’s easy to let monitoring slip through the cracks.

Section 3: Risk Assessment and Implementation

One of the more complex but crucial aspects of complying with ANSI/AAMI ST108:2023 is the need to conduct a thorough Risk Assessment. This is where you identify potential weaknesses in your facility’s water quality systems and take proactive steps to address them.

Risk analysis is an ongoing evaluation of the water systems in your hospital. Before installing a new water treatment system, the first step is to identify any potential risks to water quality. For example, are there any “dead legs” in your water distribution system where water stagnates, potentially fostering bacterial growth? Are there low-use outlets that might need increased monitoring?

The ANSI/AAMI ST108 standard encourages facilities to look closely at these risk factors and establish a tailored approach. If you’ve never conducted a risk analysis or performance qualification, now is the time to start. By thoroughly understanding where your risks lie, you can implement a monitoring and maintenance plan that fits your facility’s specific needs.

Key factors to assess include:

• Physical appearance of water (color, clarity, and any particulates or sediment)
• Microbial levels, such as heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and endotoxin levels
• Inorganic and organic contaminants that may affect the quality of the water
• pH and conductivity to ensure the water remains within the acceptable range\
• Water temperature and other physical parameters

The risk analysis is completed before any new system installation and reviewed regularly to ensure that any changes to the system, water source, or usage patterns are accounted for.

Implementing Monitoring Systems

Once the risk analysis is complete, the next step is to implement a monitoring program tailored to your facility’s unique needs. This is where the Water Management Team (WMT) determines where and how often samples should be collected.

Key sampling locations include:

• Incoming water supply (to establish baseline quality)
• After each treatment step (to ensure effective filtration or purification)
• At the point-of-use for utility water (e.g., delivery points to washers or sinks) and critical water (e.g., points where water will directly contact medical devices)
• Steam condensate at the sterilizers, to verify the quality of the steam used for sterilization

It’s important to remember that sample collection should not only be scheduled but should also be responsive to changes. For example, if there’s a nearby construction project that could affect your water supply, or if your facility undergoes renovations, you’ll need to adjust your sampling and testing accordingly.

The Role of Continuous Improvement in Staying Compliant

The ANSI/AAMI ST108:2023 standard is a comprehensive guide, but even with the best systems in place, continuous monitoring, and quality improvement are essential to staying compliant. This is where a well-structured Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) program comes in.

Why Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) Matters

CQI ensures that your water quality management isn’t static. Water quality can fluctuate due to factors like seasonal changes in the municipal supply, site-specific events (e.g., construction), or the aging of internal plumbing systems. A CQI program helps you stay ahead of these issues by consistently tracking performance, documenting outcomes, and making adjustments as needed.

ST108:2023 places a strong emphasis on integrating CQI into your overall quality management process to ensure every part of the device reprocessing cycle is functioning optimally and that your facility is meeting all regulatory requirements. Staff from engineering, sterile processing, infection control, and other departments should collaborate to track and analyze water quality data.

Here’s How FACS Can Help With Water Quality

Implementing a robust monitoring system and CQI program can be challenging, especially when you’re juggling the many other responsibilities of hospital administration.

FACS can help.

From Risk Analysis to setting up routine monitoring and troubleshooting to identify any water quality issues, FACS experts can work alongside your staff every step of the way. Water quality maintenance is a necessary part of delivering excellent patient care. Call FACS for more information.

Contact FACS by telephone: (888) 711-9998

Contact FACS online: Ask FACS

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Facility managers know that regular inspections, timely repairs, and consistent moisture control, can protect not only the building itself but the well-being of everyone inside. In this article, we’ll walk through the essential do’s and don’ts of mold control and remediation to help you stay one step ahead of this often hidden threat.

How to Find and Control Mold Growth in Your Buildings

Here are the primary suggestions FACS environmental health experts regularly provide to our clients. These are generic, so your facility may require other actions.

Perform Regular Inspections

Create and use a routine schedule to check common trouble spots such as basements, bathrooms, leaky roofs, and HVAC systems. Early detection helps you address small problems before they become big ones

Control Humidity

• Maintain indoor humidity levels below 60%.
• Ensure proper ventilation — especially in kitchens, laundry rooms, and bathrooms.

Fix Water Intrusion Issues Promptly

Immediately address roof leaks, plumbing leaks, and any form of water infiltration. Quick response helps minimize the spread of mold spores. The sooner you address the problem, the sooner you can control it.

Clean and Dry Damp Areas Thoroughly to Stop Mold Growth

• Dry wet areas within 24-48 hours whenever possible
• Employ fans, open windows, or use specialized drying equipment
• Ask all users of the facility to report leaks immediately

Ensure Adequate Ventilation

• Regularly clean and maintain HVAC systems, including filters and ducts
• Keep vents clear to allow good air circulation
• Be sure your ventilation efforts don’t allow water infiltration

Use Proper Work Practices and Controls

Provide proper training equipment and PPE (e.g., gloves and masks rated for mold spore protection) for staff who clean or inspect mold. This reduces the risk of health issues and can help prevent cross-contamination.

Document Your Mold Control Work

Keep records of inspections, repairs, mold treatments, and any communications regarding mold issues. This documentation can be useful for compliance and liability purposes. FACS experts can show you how to implement proper recordkeeping.

How to Fail at Mold Control

Some actions you take combat mold growth, and others can enhance it. Some common mold control failures are listed below.

Ignore or Delay Fixing Leaks

Small leaks can quickly escalate into larger mold problems. Postponing repairs often leads to a more expensive fix in the long run.

Rely on “Bleach Alone” as a Cure-All

Bleach can mask the problem by killing and bleaching out surface growth; however, mold particles remain and can elicit allergic health effects. Proper mold clean up involves removal of mold particles, not just killing them. Consider professional mold remediation for larger amounts of mold growth.

Overlook Ventilation

Poor airflow lets moisture linger, creating an ideal mold environment. Regular filter changes and duct cleaning are key to preventing spread of mold spores.

Underestimate Hidden Mold

Mold often develops inside walls, crawl spaces, and ductwork. If there’s a musty odor or unexplained water stain, investigate further — even if you can’t see the mold. The longer you allow the problem to exist, the worse it is liable to get.

Attempt Major Remediation Without Expertise

Significant mold issues may require professional removal to ensure safety and compliance with health regulations. While in-house teams can address small issues, they often lack the specialized equipment and training to handle large-scale problems.

Neglect to Communicate with Occupants

Keep building occupants informed about mold findings, remediation steps, and timelines. This transparency promotes trust and cooperation — factors especially crucial in residential or healthcare settings.

Consistent moisture control, prompt response to leaks, regular inspections, and transparent communication can go a long way toward preventing and mitigating mold problems in your facility.

By striking the right balance between proactive measures (like humidity management and thorough inspections) and reactive measures (like quick leaks repairs and professional remediation), facility managers stand a much better chance of keeping mold in check.

Contact FACS by telephone: (888) 711-9998

Contact FACS online: Ask FACS

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FACS knows the difficult task and surmountable effort required to keep buildings and classrooms reasonably free from environmental contaminants and safe for occupants. Our mission is to highlight some of the hidden sources for exposure that may not have been considered. Identifying these risks allows stakeholders to take proactive measures towards a safer learning environment for all.

Laboratory Settings: Known and Hidden Hazards

Laboratories in higher education pose unique risks compared to those in K-12 settings. While high school science labs typically handle low-level hazards, college and university labs often deal with more dangerous substances, including chemicals used in complex synthesis experiments or preserved specimens and cadavers in anatomy labs.

A mistake or oversight in a laboratory setting can be fatal – as it was for a UCLA research assistant. That tragic event was caused by mishandling of a chemical compound (t-butyl lithium), that spontaneously ignited upon exposure to air, and led to investigation of university laboratory safety procedures nationwide.

Beyond the obvious dangers, hidden risks such as long-term exposure to chemicals (i.e., formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and phenol) in anatomy laboratories involving use of preserved specimens are often overlooked. These chemicals are typically present in specimen preservation fluids and may present significant health hazards, including respiratory issues and cancer. Despite the known risks, poor ventilation and inadequate safety measures can increase exposure, leading to hazardous environments for faculty and students.

The key to mitigating these risks is awareness, preparation, and evaluation. Institutions should regularly review safety data sheets (SDS) for chemicals utilized, educate staff and students on the potential hazards, and ensure proper ventilation systems are in place. They should then validate those controls by performing exposure assessments. With these preventive measures, the likelihood of exposure can be greatly reduced.

Craft and Trade Shops: Woodworking Hazards

Craft and trade shops, particularly woodworking areas, are another common source of exposure to hazardous materials in higher education. The most apparent risk is from wood dust, which can be inhaled and lead to respiratory problems, including cancer. Also note that certain types of wood, like Western Red Cedar, have lower permissible exposure limits due to their added toxicity, making them even more hazardous.

Case studies reveal that while some schools have dust collection systems in place, they often fail to adequately control dust levels due to poor maintenance or improper usage. For instance, one assessment found that dust collection systems in a woodshop were insufficient because workers did not use them correctly or ignored essential maintenance, resulting in high levels of airborne particulates.

Having mechanical controls in place does not ensure control of exposures if they aren’t being used properly. Make sure control options are in place, that they operate properly, and that everyone, whether student or faculty members, using the equipment is aware of recommended options, that they follow directives.

Aside from dust, formaldehyde exposure is another hidden hazard when working with manufactured wood products like MDF (medium density fiberboard) or particleboard. These materials, treated with formaldehyde-based adhesives, release toxic fumes when cut or manipulated, potentially exposing students and faculty to harmful chemicals.

Be sure to audit, identify, categorize, and abate all potentially hazardous materials. This is an area where bravado is not only ineffective but often harmful.

Welding Hazards

Welding programs in higher education offer valuable skills training but also introduce significant health risks, primarily from welding fumes. Different types of welding, such as flux-cored arc welding and gas metal arc welding, produce varying amounts of fumes that contain harmful metals and gasses such hexavalent chromium, manganese, and carbon monoxide.

The severity of exposure depends not only on the type of welding and welding materials (e.g., stainless steel) but also on the environment, ventilation, and the welder’s technique. Even when local exhaust ventilation (LEV) systems are in place, they may be positioned incorrectly or not maintained, leading to inadequate protection.

Proper positioning of fume extraction systems, regular maintenance, and training on the correct use of controls are essential in minimizing the exposure to welding fumes. Without these measures, welders are at risk for long-term health problems, including lung damage and cancer.

Welding Hazards

Auto shop programs are another common feature of higher education, but they too, come with a range of hidden hazards. Chemical exposures in these settings include solvents, engine exhaust, and, in older vehicles, asbestos from brake pads and clutches. These chemicals can cause respiratory problems, skin irritation, and, in the case of asbestos, severe diseases like mesothelioma.

One often overlooked risk is dermal exposure to chemicals like brake cleaners or solvents. Case studies highlight instances where instructors and students failed to use gloves when handling these products, increasing the likelihood of skin irritation and other health issues.
Prior exposure investigations performed by FACS have also identified elevated noise exposure levels (i.e., above OSHA permissible exposure limits) in auto shops.

Proper protective equipment, such as nitrile gloves, noise protection, adequate ventilation systems, and the switch to less toxic water-based cleaners can significantly reduce the risks associated with auto shop programs.

Office and Renovation Risks

Office buildings may seem like unlikely sources of exposure, but when renovations occur, new materials like carpeting, adhesives, and decorative walls can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde into the air. A case study involving a newly renovated office on campus found elevated levels of formaldehyde, which caused symptoms like itchy eyes, throat irritation, and headaches among staff.

This highlights the importance of thoroughly reviewing the materials installed during office renovations and ensuring that proper ventilation is in place during and after construction. Simple measures, like running the mechanical HVAC system 24/7 and isolating areas during renovation, can help to off-gas hazardous materials more quickly and reduce occupant exposure risks.

Groundskeeping and Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

In addition to chemical exposures, noise is a significant health hazard for groundskeepers working on college campuses. Lawnmowers, leaf blowers, and other outdoor equipment often exceed 85 decibels, the OSHA action level for hearing conservation. Without proper hearing protection, groundskeepers are at a heightened risk of noise-induced hearing loss.

Colleges and universities should implement hearing conservation programs that include regular noise monitoring, audiometric testing, and the provision of appropriate hearing protection devices. Additionally, using newer, quieter equipment and limiting the duration of exposure to high-noise tasks can help mitigate the risks.

Lead in Drinking Water

Although not specific to higher education, another area of concern is lead in drinking water. Results of samples collected from schools prior to reopening following the COVID epidemic showed alarming levels of lead due to lead-containing plumbing components, exacerbated by the inactivity of the piping. All drinking water sources should be tested for safety.

In conclusion, hidden exposures within higher education environments often go unnoticed until health issues arise. Whether it’s a lab, craft shop, office setting, or outdoor groundskeeping setting, proactive measures are essential to protect students and staff from hazardous materials and unsafe conditions.

By taking measures such as maintaining proper engineering controls, ensuring the use of personal protective equipment, and conducting regular safety assessments, institutions can create safer spaces for everyone. Remember: awareness and education are the first steps in preventing these hidden dangers from compromising the health and safety of students and staff.

For additional info and case studies see the Hidden Exposures in Higher Education webinar.

Contact FACS by telephone: (888) 711-9998

Contact FACS online: Ask FACS

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Mold thrives in damp, poorly ventilated areas, and once it takes hold it can spread quickly. Exposure to mold can cause or exacerbate health problems ranging from allergies to respiratory conditions and more. Mold growth indoors should always be addressed.

Note: Effective mold remediation requires more than surface cleaning. It is critical that your maintenance staff understands the root causes of mold and creates and has a long-term strategy to prevent recurrence.

What Is Mold, and Why Is It a Problem?

Mold is a type of fungus that thrives in damp environments. Mold can appear as black, green, white, or even orange discoloration on surfaces. While it plays a natural role outdoors by breaking down organic material, mold growth indoors can cause serious problems. Mold growth is both a health and structural hazard.

Mold can grow almost anywhere moisture is present, including in HVAC systems, behind drywall, under carpeting, and inside insulation. This makes it particularly difficult to address in buildings with persistent leaks, high humidity, or inadequate ventilation.

Beyond its physical presence, mold can release spores into the air, creating poor indoor air quality. These spores can trigger allergies, worsen asthma, and lead to more severe respiratory conditions in vulnerable populations.

From a property management perspective, mold isn’t just unsightly — it can undermine tenant satisfaction, lead to complaints, and even result in legal action. Additionally, unchecked mold can compromise structural elements like wood and drywall, thereby increasing repair costs.

What Are the Signs of a Mold Problem?

Mold problems often start small, making early detection crucial for preventing widespread issues. Here are the most common signs of a mold infestation:

Fix Water Intrusion Issues Promptly

• Visible Mold Growth: Mold can appear as discoloration or fuzzy patches on walls, ceilings, and other surfaces. It’s not always black – green, white, or even orange mold may indicate a problem.
• Musty Odor: A persistent, earthy smell, especially in damp areas, often signals hidden mold. Pay attention to basements, bathrooms, or poorly ventilated spaces.
• Water Damage: Areas that have experienced flooding, leaks, or condensation are prime locations for mold growth. Look for stains, warped materials, or bubbling paint.
• Health Complaints: Occupants reporting frequent allergy-like symptoms, respiratory issues, or worsening asthma may be reacting to mold spores.
• Hidden Areas: Mold can grow out of sight, making it extremely difficult to locate. Mold can grow behind walls, under flooring, or inside HVAC systems. Regular inspections of susceptible areas are essential.

By identifying these warning signs early, property managers and maintenance workers can take steps to prevent costly remediation efforts and reduce tenant dissatisfaction.

How Can Mold be Addressed and Remediated?

Effective mold remediation is a multi-step process designed to eliminate the problem and prevent its recurrence. Here’s an overview of how mold remediation professionals typically address mold in commercial settings:

• Assessment and Inspection: The first step in mold remediation is a thorough inspection to determine the extent of the mold problem. Leveraging special tools like moisture meters and thermal imaging devices can help identify hidden mold and its sources. This step is critical for creating an effective remediation plan. The root cause of mold must be addressed to prevent regrowth and the problems it presents.
• Containment and Safety Measures: Mold remediation teams use containment techniques to prevent spores from spreading to unaffected areas. This often involves sealing off rooms with plastic sheeting, creating negative air pressure, and using HEPA air filtration systems. Personal protective equipment (PPE) ensures the safety of workers during the process.
• Mold Removal: Once the area is secure, the mold removal process can begin. Surface mold can often be cleaned using specialized products, but porous materials like drywall, carpeting, or insulation typically need to be replaced. Removal is done carefully to avoid releasing spores into the air.
• Cleaning and Disinfecting: After removing mold and mold-impacted materials, the area is cleaned and disinfected. HEPA vacuums and antimicrobial treatments ensure thorough spore removal. This step also includes addressing the moisture problem. Tactics include repairing leaks, improving ventilation, or installing dehumidifiers to prevent mold from returning.
• Restoration: The final step is repairing or replacing damaged areas to restore the property to its proper condition. This might include replacing drywall, repainting, or repairing structural elements.

Can I Handle Mold Removal Myself?

For small areas (less than 10 square feet), DIY methods can work if handled carefully. However, larger infestations or those involving HVAC systems, structural materials require professional intervention. Attempting to clean extensive mold without proper equipment can spread spores and worsen the problem.

Is Mold Exposure Hazardous to Humans?

Mold affects people differently. While some may experience minor allergic reactions, others can face serious health risks. For property managers, protecting vulnerable tenants is a top priority. Don’t play dice with mold. Failure to address even a small mold problem can lead to big problems and subject you to regulatory issues and even litigation.

How Can I Prevent Mold Growth at My Property?

The prevention of mold primarily involves controlling moisture. Regularly inspect for leaks, make sure ventilation is adequate, and use dehumidifiers in high-humidity areas. Routine maintenance and monitoring can help prevent mold growth at commercial properties. It is essential to pre-plan and make sure your maintenance staff knows exactly how to deal with mold outbreaks.

Handling mold effectively requires more than just cleaning visible growth. Professionals have the expertise, tools, and certifications to address the problem comprehensively. They also help identify and fix underlying issues that contribute to mold growth.

For property managers, professional mold remediation ensures compliance with health and safety regulations, protects building value, and reduces potential liability. It’s an investment that pays dividends in tenant satisfaction and long-term property maintenance.

Do FACS Teams Address Mold Issues?

FACS industrial hygienists specialize in assessing and managing mold and moisture issues. From pinpointing sources of water intrusion to verifying successful remediation efforts, we provide the expertise and documentation property managers need to safeguard their interests and create healthier environments for tenants and employees.

Mold isn’t just a minor inconvenience; it’s a serious issue that can impact health, property value, and tenant satisfaction. By understanding the basics of mold remediation and working with trusted professionals, property owners can protect their investments and provide a safer environmentfor occupants.

If you suspect mold in your building, don’t wait – take action while the topic is close to mind. Your quick action will help ensure a healthier, safer future.

For more information or to schedule an onsite visit by FACS mold issues experts, Contact FACS by telephone here: 888-711-9998 or use our Contact form to let us know you want help.

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